A Path from the Alleys of Histories
The socio-political values and structures of the current world order are greatly influenced by Abrahamic (Judaism, Christianity and Islam) religious thought. The defining characteristics of Judaism, Christianity and Islam have followed a progressive pattern that can be summarized as under:
Judaism – Concept of exclusivity
Christianity – Concept of exclusivity + Universalism and
Islam – Concept of exclusivity + Universalism + Close-endedness
While the influence of Zoroastrianism on early Christian thought is evident, the universalism in religious thought as an outcome of early Christian interaction with the Buddhist thought remains an important hypothesis. But the fact remains that Abrahamic religious thought has impelled people towards a coherent, straight-jacketed version of history. The role and scope of prophets in Christianity and Islam follow this trend. The role of the history as a tool for compartmentalization and validation of linear prophetic truths is similar in all three religions. No wonder the ancient histories which with few exceptions always survive in mythic formats have to undergo infinite cycles of dissected and stitched for creating a coherent historical narrative.
Abrahmic religions for historical reasons have allowed the religious identity to take preponderance over ethno-cultural identities. And this venture of religious identity in polity and statecraft has sown seeds of perpetual social strife in these societies. Such strife when united and projected toward other/outsider it became perfect strategy for spread of thought and successful colonial ventures. But make a small scratch and beneath surface depicting order and unity, a complicated working of ethnic connections becomes visible.
Non- religious layers of identities are now becoming important due to democratic and scientific reasons. No wonder that scientific thought face most dogged and unrelenting opposition in Abrahamic religions. Though great leveler and liberator, scientific education pushes orthodox further into the shell. Even today the theory of Evolution is fighting hard to get due recognition; and traditional religious structures are fighting hard to retain the power created by the science, like technology, social and economic thoughts. But none the less a globalised media and communication technology is also molding the new man in the land of ancient history. How the evolving Human thought across the globe in complex web of academics, research, corporate structures and strategies and globalization policies would act in and interact with the new crystallizing religious identities? This question would be central to any student of modern history.
Mutual interactions of adherents of these religions, their cooperation and antipathies, harmonies and contradictions, understandings and mistrusts, sincere efforts and deceits etc. have exercised disproportionately high influence on collective human thought. This proved even truer in post industrialization era, when more than 60 percent of the world population is connected to the Abrahamic world-view by virtue of religious affiliation. Along with that, a large population of people belonging to other religions and civilization are influenced by thoughts emanating from Abrahamic world due to intellectual, technological, occupational, socio-political and economic considerations.
The unique nation-state conception based upon religious homogeneity has allowed states to act in unduly intolerant, suspicious and repressive fashion, to its minorities. Apart from routine discrimination by the states, rampant misuse of blasphemy laws against minorities is not uncommon. In such a scenario rising clout of tribal and clannish identities and role are on rise in Middle-East, if is not allowed to settle properly in political structures, this is a perfect recipe of disaster.
That Huntington’s idea of clash of civilizations suffers from errors in its classification of countries under civilization. The primary clash is internecine; it’s amongst religions of Abrahamic faiths. The Classification of civilization would be on broader religious line following Abrahamic/Dharmic/Pagans/ animist type classification. Other cultural-civiliational inheritance like Iranian, Arabic, Indic, Chinese, African, European, Nordic, American etc. would play more of indirect and subtler roles.
The implications of Independent Kurdistan to put mildly would be, immense. Some effects and questions that would be relevant are freely speculated here:
- This may mark a start of ultimate weakening of the religious-historical narrative/understanding in Abrahamic civilizations. Thus this can give religious fundamentalists a strong reason to fight, the internecine clash of Abrahamic Faith.
- The ripple effect of Kurdistan will be felt by immediate neighbors Persian, Syrian, Turk, Arab, Balloch, Tajik and the Pashto people and on regions like South Azerbaijan, Afghanistan (excluding its Turkic Northwest), FATA and Baluchistan of Pakistan.
- Independent Kurdistan should be seen in juxtaposition of the populist rebellion of local population against the regimes of Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Bahrain and Syria. These have been more or less civil resistances with some obvious touch of Islam. What one cannot ignore is the ethnic and nationalist overtones, which are more democratic in nature. It would call for a sincere accommodative framework for the region.
- Issues determining the current power equilibrium are- situation in Iraq, US-Iranian standoff, Israel – Palestinian issue, future of Saudi monarchy (which is getting more susceptible to new emerging Sunni orthodoxy of Al Qaeda and Muslim brotherhood kind) and energy politics. Other countries more concerned by their energy security issues would work hard for a stable order in the region. This will be their motive in engagement. But the question is that with such an easy availability of weapons and religious motive, how much feasible and lasting such interventions would be?
- Turkey’s in some spheres at least, would be a destabilizing regional power. Reason being its peculiar position as a NATO member, prospective EU member, Middle East issues and Islamic aspirations. How will the things in Middle-East settle if increasingly Islamist and ambitious Turk identity finds favorable grounds in central Asian republics? Islamist Turk identity would find relevance in China would touch Afghanistan, Pakistan and India (indirectly), and rub its shoulders with Iranian and Arabs for leadership in the region.
- One another trail of development that is to be looked at is the reactionary chain of radicalism. The West has made a peace with its past in the classical divorce of the Church and the State. It was taken as a role model by majority of countries around the world. As this didn’t happen in Islamic countries that way and energy need, cold war etc. ensured no such developments in the Middle-East, the religious fundamentalism has steadily grown in Islamic world in 21st Century. In many ways Islamic societies and government policies have become more conservative and orthodox today than what they were 50 years back. And the glorious past of the Islamic dominance always propel the Islamist to find his deserving role and place in destiny.
- This hardening religious identity in Islamic world has started affecting non-Islamic societies also. Issues like non-integration of immigrants, opposition to Sharia laws, Halal and Hizaab etc. are increasing temperatures in European, African and Asian countries. Chancellor Merkel’s obituary of Multiculturalism can safely be assumed as the referral point for this phenomenon.
- Alternately, Islamic civilizations are plagued by numerous difficulties to retain its unity amidst widening divides of – Arab/ Iranian, Shia-Sunni, Wahhabi-Non-Wahhabi, monarchical and civil-political, African – Asian identities. Any inability to come-up with a collective Islamic response at times could destabilize the whole order and the threat is very real. OIC has a herculean task ahead namely rebuilding the Islamic Ummah amongst politician and lay faithful, in this age of science. If things go this way the religious fault-lines are bound to widen and the internecine clash of civilization would not be that far.
Now, Kurds can be the change agents. With indigenous (Hurrian) root, Iranian and Islamic legacy and strong collective binding if they succeed in achieving independent Kurdistan, it can make a new opening.
- If the Independent state of the Kurds will come into being? Would the disturbed order make people face and challenge religious identity based world view? – is far too speculative right now. Whatever may be the case the Historical issue of Kurds is going to be a very important and it deserved greater attention. Histories are open again in identities and thinking. As to Kurds, they can’t disown their past for therein only lies their future.
(… Speculation concludes)